Bunga raya (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
Common names
- bunga pepulut, bunga raya, mati laki (Malay)
- hibiscus, shoe flower, Chinese hibiscus, China rose (English)
- bunga sepatu (Indonesia)
-dasavala, jabakusum, jasum, jasund, jasut, java, odhul (India)
Descriptions
- an erect, much branched woody shrub with a pale grey bark, growing to a height of 2-4 m
- leaves are simple, bright green in color, ovate, about 7-12 cm long with a coarsely toothed margin towards the upper half
- the upper leaf surface is glossy
- flowers are showy, about 7-10 cm across, borne on long stalks from the leaf axils
- flowers are primarily found on long stalks, measures about 20 cm wide, and consist of 5 whorled oval petals (egg shaped) that has smooth edges and are merged at the base to the central stamina column
- the corolla an be white, yellow, orange or bright red, depending on the cultivar
- the staminal tube is slender and extends out of the corolla, with the stamens and pistil at its end
- many varieties exist differing in size and colour, in single (or) double forms. The important colours include Red, White, Yellow and Light Red.
Chemical constituents
phlobatannins, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids including other compounds such as thiamine, riboflavin and niacin, cyanidin-3-sophoroside, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, taraxeryl acetate and three cyclopropane compounds and their derivatives, cyanidin diglucoside, flavonoids and vitamins, ascorbic acid, quercetin-3-diglucoside, 3,7-diglucoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, kaempferol-3-xylosylglucoside
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By methanol extracts:
ethanimidic acid, ethyl ester, propanal, 2,3dihydroxy, propanamide, nethyl-, thylenediamine, o-methylisourea hydrogen sulfate, ethene, ethoxy-, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester , 7-formylbicyclo(4.1.0) heptanes, 2-butanamine, (S)-, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, N-formylβ-alanine, (Z)6,(Z)9-pentadecadien-1-ol, butanedial, 1-propanol, 2-methyl- , and methanecarbothiolic acid
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By ethanolic extract:
polyphenols, tannins, carboxylic acids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids
Traditional uses
Preparation/ part of plants used
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to treat fever
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for hair care
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reduce headache
Leaves: mixed in water and smeared all over head
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avoid heat or cooling the head
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to treat bronchitis and gonorrhea (infection caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium that infects both males and females)
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to treat boils (bisul)
Leaves: crush and make it into a poultice and applied to the head or the whole body
Leaves: crush it and add water
Leaves: mix with black cumin and onion which is grinded and pounded, placed on the forehead
Leaves: mixed with onion and entemu (roots) which is grinded and placed it on the forehead
Flower : infuse with hot water
Leaves and root
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used as dyes for food
Flower